Ecologically Appropriate Xenobiotics Induce Cytochrome P450s in Apis mellifera
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Ecologically Appropriate Xenobiotics Induce Cytochrome P450s in Apis mellifera
BACKGROUND Honey bees are exposed to phytochemicals through the nectar, pollen and propolis consumed to sustain the colony. They may also encounter mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi infesting pollen in beebread. Moreover, bees are exposed to agricultural pesticides, particularly in-hive acaricides used against the parasite Varroa destructor. They cope with these and other xenobiotics pri...
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As first described by Aristotle, honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers show a strong tendency to visit flowers of only one type during a foraging trip. It is known that workers rapidly learn a flower colour when rewarded with artificial nectar (sucrose solution). However, some previous studies report that the degree of constancy after training is unaffected by reward quantity and quality when bees...
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Using oxygen and NADPH, the redox enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) and its reductase (CPR) work in tandem to carry out the phase I metabolism of a vast majority of drugs and xenobiotics. As per the erstwhile understanding of the catalytic cycle, binding of the substrate to CYP's heme distal pocket allows CPR to pump electrons through a CPR-CYP complex. In turn, this trigger (a thermodynamic push o...
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The adaptation of herbivorous insects to their host plants is hypothesized to be intimately associated with their ubiquitous development of resistance to synthetic pesticides. However, not much is known about the mechanisms underlying the relationship between detoxification of plant toxins and synthetic pesticides. To address this knowledge gap, we used specialist pest Colorado potato beetle (C...
متن کاملThe Cytochrome P450s
* Author for correspondence: Fatma M.A. El-garj, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. Email [email protected]. Abstract. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are versatile biocatalysts that incorporate oxygen into an enormous range of molecules. The cytochrome P450 proteins are involved in the catalysis of different reactions and these properties have bee...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: PLoS ONE
سال: 2012
ISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031051